Articles by Shiv Iyer

About Shiv Iyer

Open Source Database Systems Engineer with a deep understanding of Optimizer Internals, Performance Engineering, Scalability and Data SRE. Shiv currently is the Founder, Investor, Board Member and CEO of multiple Database Systems Infrastructure Operations companies in the Transaction Processing Computing and ColumnStores ecosystem. He is also a frequent speaker in open source software conferences globally.

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PostgreSQL Index Fragmentation: How to Troubleshoot It

Index fragmentation in PostgreSQL can occur when data is inserted, updated, or deleted in a table. As new data is added, the index can become fragmented, meaning that the data is no longer physically ordered […]

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Understanding Pessimistic Locking and Optimistic Locking in PostgreSQL

Pessimistic locking and optimistic locking are two approaches used in database management systems, including PostgreSQL, to control concurrent access to shared data. Pessimistic Locking: Pessimistic locking is a concurrency control mechanism that assumes conflicts will […]

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MariaDB Hash Aggregation: How It Is Implemented

Hash aggregation is a type of aggregation algorithm used in MariaDB to efficiently calculate aggregate functions such as SUM, COUNT, MAX, and MIN on large data sets. It works by dividing the data into groups […]

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MariaDB Partitioning: Declarative Partitioning and Monitoring

What is declarative partitioning in MariaDB? How does declarative partitioning benefit MariaDB performance? Monitoring MariaDB partitioning and disk I/O operations Declarative partitioning in MariaDB is a feature that allows you to divide a table’s data […]

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MariaDB Performance: How to Avoid “OR” for Better Results

Avoiding the use of the “OR” operator in MariaDB can help improve query performance by reducing the number of rows that need to be scanned and filtered. Here are some strategies to avoid using “OR” […]

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PostgreSQL Performance: How to Avoid “OR” for Better Results

Using the OR operator in a SQL query can result in poor performance, especially when used in combination with other operators, such as LIKE, IN, and subqueries. In PostgreSQL, there are several techniques that can […]

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MySQL 8 Invisible Indexes: How They Work

In MySQL 8, invisible indexes are a feature that allows you to create an index without it being used by the optimizer. This can be useful in situations where you want to test the impact […]

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InnoDB Linear Tree: Understanding Linear Trees in InnoDB

Introduction In InnoDB, a linear tree is a type of data structure used for indexing and searching data. Linear trees are also known as B+ trees. The key characteristic of a linear tree is that […]

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Explaining the MySQL Slow Query Log – How to Read and Interpret Slow Query Log?

The MySQL Slow Query Log is a feature that logs SQL statements that exceed a certain threshold of execution time. This log can be used to identify slow queries and to optimize their performance. Here […]

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PostgreSQL Partitioned Bitmaps: How to Implement Them

Partitioned Bitmaps are a technique used to speed up queries on large databases by breaking them down into smaller pieces, or partitions, that can be searched independently. PostgreSQL supports Partitioned Bitmaps through the use of […]

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